Liver cirrhosis: epidemiological characteristics and diagnostic features at the university teaching hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo.
Keywords:
Cirrhosis; viral hepatitis ; epidemiology ; diagnostic ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; Burkina FasoAbstract
Introduction
Liver cirrhosis represent 27.63% of the hepatobiliary diseases in Burkina. We aimed at studying the epidemiological characteristics and diagnostic features of the cirrhosis.
Patients and methods
We implemented a cross-sectional and descriptive study, collecting retrospectively the data from 1st January 2012 to 31st March 2014. The diagnostic of cirrhosis was based on i) clinical criteria (an edema-ascitic syndrome with a heterogeneous hepatomegaly with a sharp inferior border or atrophic liver and a portal hypertension); ii) biological criteria (a hepatocellular insufficiency syndrome); and iii) ultrasound imaging suggesting cirrhosis. Qualitative variables were presented as frequencies and percentages while qualitative ones were presented as means.
Results
The data of 273 patients representing 33,9% of all hospitalizations were analyzed. The hepato-biliary diseases represented 74.7% of all diagnostics. The participants’ mean age was 46.9 years and the sex ratio, 2.7. The complaints at entry were dominated by abdominal pains (69.2% of the cases), weight loss (42.8%), asthenia (32.2%) and anorexia (28.2%). Hepatomegaly (68.03%), oesophageal varices (54.21%), conjunctival jaundice (54.2%), edema of the lower limbs (53.8%), poor general condition (32, 2%), gastrointestinal hemorrhage (8.4%) hepatic encephalopathy (8%) were the clinical manifestations at entry. The mean alpha-foeto-protein, HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA levels were 2843.6 IU / ml, 23295569.7IU / ml and 2749IU / ml, respectively, while the antigen HBs and anti-HCV antibody were positive in 76.5% and 14.6% of cases, respectively.
Conclusion
Cirrhosis of the liver still mostly affects the young and active male population. The main etiological factors are hepatitis B and C viruses. Prevention through vaccination (anti-hepatitis B) and early systematic screening are very efficient weapons at our disposal.
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