Effet du vaccin conjugué antipneumococcique 13-valents sur le portage nasopharyngé des sérotypes vaccinaux en Afrique de l’Ouest : revue narrative
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.4314/rasp.v8i1.2Mots-clés :
Portage pneumococcique ; Sérotypes vaccinaux ; PCV13 ; Afrique de l’Ouest ; Portage nasopharyngé, revue systématiqueRésumé
L’évaluation de l’impact du vaccin conjugué antipneumococcique 13-valents (PCV13) sur le portage nasopharyngé des sérotypes vaccinaux (SV) du pneumocoque en Afrique de l’Ouest permet de suivre la dynamique de ce portage. Dans une revue narrative des études réalisées en Afrique de l’Ouest, nous avons synthétisé l’impact de la vaccination par PCV13 sur le portage des SV. Les mesures d’impact ont été estimées à partir des indicateurs comme le ratio de prévalence, l’odds ratio et le risque relatif. À partir d’un réservoir initial de 72 articles, 4 études répondaient aux critères. Les études incluses s’étendaient de 2000 à 2025. Depuis l’introduction du PCV13 en 2011, il existe une réduction cohérente et substantielle du portage des sérotypes vaccinaux chez les enfants cibles de vaccination et chez les adultes, due à l’effet indirect des vaccins conjugués. Les estimations indiquaient des réductions du portage des SV de 30 % à 74 %. L’introduction du PCV13 est associée à une diminution significative et durable du portage nasopharyngé des sérotypes pneumococciques vaccinaux en Afrique de l’ouest, ce qui présage une réduction de la morbidité et de la mortalité liées au SV.
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